10_SpringCloud_Config分布式配置中心
SpringCloud Config配置中心概述
分布式系统面临的配置问题
微服务意味着要将单个应用中的业务拆分成一个一个子服务,每个服务的粒度相对较小,因此系统中会出现大量的服务。由于每个服务都需要必要的配置信息才能运行,所以一套集中式的、动态的配置管理设施是必不可少的。
SpringCloud提供了Config Server来解决这个问题,我们每一个微服务自己带着一个application.yaml,上百个配置文件的管理......
SpringCloud Config是什么?
SpringCloud Config为微服务架构中的微服务提供集中化的外部配置支持,配置服务器为各个不同的微服务应用的所有环境提供了一个中心化的外部配置;
SpringCloud Config怎么玩?
SpringCloud Config分为服务端和客户端两部分;
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服务端:
服务端也称为分布式配置中心,它是一个独立的微服务应用,用于连接配置服务器并且为客户端提供获取配置信息,加密/解密信息等访问接口;
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客户端:
客户端则通过指定的配置中心来管理应用资源,以及业务相关的配置内容,并在启动的时候从配置中心获取和加载配置信息;
配置服务器默认采用git来存储配置信息,这样就有助于对环境配置进行版本管理,并且可以通过git客户端工具来方便的管理和访问配置内容;
SpringCloud Config能干嘛?
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集中管理配置文件
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不同环境不同配置,动态化的配置更新,分环境部署,比如dev/test/prod/beta/release
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运行期间动态调整配置,不再需要在每个服务部署的机器上编写配置文件,服务会向配置中心统一拉取配置自己的信息
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当配置发生变动的时候,服务不需要重新启动即可感知配置的变化并应用新的配置
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将配置信息已REST接口的形式暴露
SpringCloud Config与GitHub整合配置
由于SpringCloud Config默认使用的是Git来存储配置文件(也有其他的方式,比如支持SVN和本地文件),但最推荐的还是Git,而且使用的是http/https访问的形式;
SpringCloud Config服务端配置
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用自己的GitHub账号在GitHub上新建一个名为microservicecloud-config的新仓库
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由上一步获得SSH协议的git地址在本地硬盘目录上新建git仓库并clone
git clone git@github.com:tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git
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在本地的microservicecloud-config里面新建一个application.yaml
必须要用UTF-8的形式保存!!!
# 切记保存为UTF-8形式 spring: profiles: active: -dev --- spring: profiles: dev # 开发环境 application: name: microservicecloud-config-tomxwd-dev --- spring: profiles: test # 测试环境 application: name: microservicecloud-config-tomxwd-test
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将上一步的yaml文件推送到github上
git add .
git commit -m "提交配置文件"
git push origin master
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新建Module模块microservicecloud-config-3344,它就是Cloud的配置中心模块
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pom.xml
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修改部分:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId> </dependency>
如果报错就加:
<!-- 报错就加这个依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId> <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId> <version>4.6.0.201612231935-r</version> </dependency>
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完整内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-3344</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- springcloud-config --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 将微服务provider注册进Eureka --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- 报错就加这个依赖 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>4.6.0.201612231935-r</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- 图形化监控 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 熔断 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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application.yaml
server: port: 3344 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-config cloud: config: server: git: # uri: git@github.com:tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git uri: https://github.com/tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git default-label: master search-paths: / # ignoreLocalSshSettings: true ## hostKey: someHostKey ## hostKeyAlgorithm: ssh-rsa # privateKey:
如果报git clone错误就用https的形式填写GitHub仓库地址;
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主启动类Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp
@SpringBootApplication @EnableConfigServer public class Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp.class,args); } }
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windows下修改hosts文件,增加映射
127.0.0.1 config-3344.com
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测试通过Config微服务是否可以从GitHub上获取配置内容
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配置读取规则
- 官网
- /-.yaml
- //[/]
- //-.yaml
- /-.properties
- //-.properties
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成功实现了用SpringCloud Config通过GitHub的方式获取配置信息
SpringCloud Config客户端配置与测试
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在本地microservicecloud-config仓库路径下新建文件microservicecloud-config-client.yaml
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microservicecloud-config-client.yaml内容
spring: profiles: active: - dev --- server: port: 8201 spring: profiles: dev application: name: microservice-config-client eureka: client: service-url: http://eureka-dev.com:7001/eureka/ --- server: port: 8202 spring: profiles: test application: name: microservice-config-client eureka: client: service-url: http://eureka-test.com:7001/eureka/
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将上一步的文件推送到GitHub中;
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新建microservicecloud-config-client-3355
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pom.xml
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修改部分:
<!-- SpringCloud Config 客户端 Client --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency>
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完整内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-client-3355</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- SpringCloud Config 客户端 Client --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!--将微服务provider注册进Eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 图形化监控 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 熔断 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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bootstrap.yaml
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是什么?
application.yaml是用户级的资源配置项
bootstrap.yaml是系统级的,优先级更高
SpringCloud会创建一个“Bootstrap Context”,作为Spring应用的“Application Context”的父上下文。在初始化的时候,“Bootstrap Context”负责从外部源加载配置属性并解析配置。这两个上下文共享一个从外部获取的“Environment”。“Bootstrap”属性拥有更高的优先级,默认情况下,它们不会被本地配置覆盖。
“Bootstrap Context”和“Application Context”有着不同的约定,所以增加一个“bootstrap.yaml”文件,保证“Bootstrap Context”和“Application Context”配置的分离;
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内容:
spring: cloud: config: name: microservicecloud-config-client # 需要从github上面读取的资源名称,注意没有yaml后缀名 profile: dev # 本次访问的配置项 label: master uri: http://config-3344.com:3344 # 本微服务启动后先去3344服务,通过SpringCloudConfig获取Github的服务地址
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application.yaml
spring: application: name: microservicecloud-config-client
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windows下修改hosts文件,增加映射
127.0.0.1 client-config.com
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新建rest类,验证是否能够从GitHub上读取配置
@RestController public class ConfigClientRest { @Value("${spring.application.name}") private String applicationName; @Value("${eureka.client.service-url}") private String eurekaServers; @Value("${server.port}") private String port; @RequestMapping("/config") public String getConfig() { String str = "applicationName: " + applicationName + "\t eurekaServers: " + eurekaServers + "\t port: " + port; System.out.println("*****************" + str); return str; } }
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主启动类ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp
@SpringBootApplication public class ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args); } }
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测试
- 启动Config配置中心3344微服务并自测
- 启动3355作为Client准备访问
- boostrap.yaml里面的profile值是什么,就决定了服务从git上读到什么
- 假如目前是profile:dev
- dev默认在GitHub上对应的端口是8201
- http://client-config.com:8201/config
- 假如目前是profile:test
- test默认在GitHub上对应的端口是8202
- http://client-config.com:8202/config
- 假如目前是profile:dev
- 可以试试修改bootstrap里面profile的值,然后热部署项目试试;
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成功实现了客户端3355访问SpringCloud Config3344通过GitHub获取配置信息
SpringCloud Config配置实战
目前的情况:
- Config服务端配置OK且测试通过,我们可以和Config以及GitHub进行配置修改并获得内容;
- 此时我们做一个Eureka以及一个Dept访问的微服务,将两个微服务的配置统一交给GitHub,实现统一配置分布式管理,完成多环境的变更;
步骤:
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GitHub配置文件本地配置
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在microservicecloud-config仓库下新建文件microservicecloud-config-eureka-client.yaml
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microservicecloud-config-eureka-client.yaml内容:
spring: profiles: active: - dev --- server: port: 7001 # 注册中心占用7001端口,冒号后面必须要有空格 spring: profiles: dev application: name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7001.com client: register-with-eureka: false # 当前的eureka-server 不注册自己到服务列表中去 fetch-registry: false # 不通过eureka获取注册信息 service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/ --- server: port: 7001 spring: profiles: test application: name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7001.com client: register-with-eureka: false fetch-registry: false service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
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在microservicecloud-config仓库下新建文件microservicecloud-config-dept-client.yaml
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microservicecloud-config-dept-client.yaml内容:
spring: profiles: active: - dev --- server: port: 8001 spring: profiles: dev application: name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client datasourece: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://120.25.120.125:12350/cloudDB01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 # 数据库名称 username: root password: root dbcp2: min-idle: 5 initial-size: 5 max-total: 5 max-wait-millis: 200 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml mapper-locations: - classpath: mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/ instance: instance-id: dept-8001.com prefer-ip-address: true info: app.name: tomxwd-microservicecloud company.name: www.tomxwd.top build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ bulid.version: $project.version$ --- server: port: 8001 spring: profiles: test application: name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client datasourece: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://120.25.120.125:12350/cloudDB02?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 # 数据库名称 username: root password: root dbcp2: min-idle: 5 initial-size: 5 max-total: 5 max-wait-millis: 200 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml mapper-locations: - classpath: mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/ instance: instance-id: dept-8001.com prefer-ip-address: true info: app.name: tomxwd-microservicecloud company.name: www.tomxwd.top build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ bulid.version: $project.version$
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Config版本的Eureka服务端
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新建工程microservicecloud-config-eureka-client-7001
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pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-eureka-client-7001</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- config服务端依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- eureka-server服务端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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bootstrap.yaml
spring: cloud: config: name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client profile: dev label: master uri: http://config-3344.com:3344
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application.yaml
spring: application: name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client
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主启动类Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication
@SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication.class, args); } }
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测试
- 启动microservicecloud-config-3344微服务,保证Config总配置是ok的
- 再启动microservicecloud-config-eureka-client-7001微服务
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Config版本的Dept微服务
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参考之前的8001拷贝后新建工程microservicecloud-config-dept-client-8001
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pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-dept-client-8001</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 将微服务provider注册进Eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- actuator监控以及信息配置 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- SpringCloud-config配置 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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bootstrap.yaml
spring: cloud: config: name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client profile: dev label: master uri: http://config-3344.com:3344
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application.yaml
spring: application: name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client
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主启动类Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App
@SpringBootApplication // 本服务启动后会自动注册进Eureka服务中 @EnableEurekaClient // 服务发现 @EnableDiscoveryClient public class Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App.class,args); } }
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配置说明
bootstrap.yaml里面:
- 都是以spring.cloud.config开头,然后name指定的是github上读取的资源名称,不需要后缀,profile指定环境,label表示分支名,uri表示Config的地址
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测试
- 访问http://localhost:8001/dept/list,查看返回数据的数据库信息是哪个
- 切换另一个配置,再次查看结果
- 直接修改github上的配置(如把test环境的数据库切换为3),再次进行刷新
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